# Database Configuration

CodeIgniter has a config file that lets you store your database connection values (username, password, database name, etc.). The config file is located at application/config/database.php. You can also set database connection values for specific environments by placing database.php in the respective environment config folder.

The config settings are stored in a multi-dimensional array with this prototype:

    $db['default'] = array(
            'dsn'   => '',
            'hostname' => 'localhost',
            'username' => 'root',
            'password' => '',
            'database' => 'database_name',
            'dbdriver' => 'mysqli',
            'dbprefix' => '',
            'pconnect' => TRUE,
            'db_debug' => TRUE,
            'cache_on' => FALSE,
            'cachedir' => '',
            'char_set' => 'utf8',
            'dbcollat' => 'utf8_general_ci',
            'swap_pre' => '',
            'encrypt' => FALSE,
            'compress' => FALSE,
            'stricton' => FALSE,
            'failover' => array()
    );

Some database drivers (such as PDO, PostgreSQL, Oracle, ODBC) might require a full DSN string to be provided. If that is the case, you should use the ‘dsn’ configuration setting, as if you’re using the driver’s underlying native PHP extension, like this:

    // PDO
    $db['default']['dsn'] = 'pgsql:host=localhost;port=5432;dbname=database_name';

    // Oracle
    $db['default']['dsn'] = '//localhost/XE';

Note

If you do not specify a DSN string for a driver that requires it, CodeIgniter will try to build it with the rest of the provided settings.

Note

If you provide a DSN string and it is missing some valid settings (e.g. the database character set), which are present in the rest of the configuration fields, CodeIgniter will append them.

You can also specify failovers for the situation when the main connection cannot connect for some reason. These failovers can be specified by setting the failover for a connection like this:

    $db['default']['failover'] = array(
                    array(
                            'hostname' => 'localhost1',
                            'username' => '',
                            'password' => '',
                            'database' => '',
                            'dbdriver' => 'mysqli',
                            'dbprefix' => '',
                            'pconnect' => TRUE,
                            'db_debug' => TRUE,
                            'cache_on' => FALSE,
                            'cachedir' => '',
                            'char_set' => 'utf8',
                            'dbcollat' => 'utf8_general_ci',
                            'swap_pre' => '',
                            'encrypt' => FALSE,
                            'compress' => FALSE,
                            'stricton' => FALSE
                    ),
                    array(
                            'hostname' => 'localhost2',
                            'username' => '',
                            'password' => '',
                            'database' => '',
                            'dbdriver' => 'mysqli',
                            'dbprefix' => '',
                            'pconnect' => TRUE,
                            'db_debug' => TRUE,
                            'cache_on' => FALSE,
                            'cachedir' => '',
                            'char_set' => 'utf8',
                            'dbcollat' => 'utf8_general_ci',
                            'swap_pre' => '',
                            'encrypt' => FALSE,
                            'compress' => FALSE,
                            'stricton' => FALSE
                    )
            );

You can specify as many failovers as you like.

The reason we use a multi-dimensional array rather than a more simple one is to permit you to optionally store multiple sets of connection values. If, for example, you run multiple environments (development, production, test, etc.) under a single installation, you can set up a connection group for each, then switch between groups as needed. For example, to set up a “test” environment you would do this:

    $db['test'] = array(
            'dsn'   => '',
            'hostname' => 'localhost',
            'username' => 'root',
            'password' => '',
            'database' => 'database_name',
            'dbdriver' => 'mysqli',
            'dbprefix' => '',
            'pconnect' => TRUE,
            'db_debug' => TRUE,
            'cache_on' => FALSE,
            'cachedir' => '',
            'char_set' => 'utf8',
            'dbcollat' => 'utf8_general_ci',
            'swap_pre' => '',
            'compress' => FALSE,
            'encrypt' => FALSE,
            'stricton' => FALSE,
            'failover' => array()
    );

Then, to globally tell the system to use that group you would set this variable located in the config file:

    $active_group = 'test';

Note

The name ‘test’ is arbitrary. It can be anything you want. By default we’ve used the word “default” for the primary connection, but it too can be renamed to something more relevant to your project.

## Query Builder

The Query Builder Class is globally enabled or disabled by setting the $query_builder variable in the database configuration file to TRUE/FALSE (boolean). The default setting is TRUE. If you are not using the query builder class, setting it to FALSE will utilize fewer resources when the database classes are initialized.

    $query_builder = TRUE;

Note

that some CodeIgniter classes such as Sessions require Query Builder to be enabled to access certain functionality.

## Explanation of Values:

Name Config | Description
--- | ---
dsn | The DSN connect string (an all-in-one configuration sequence).
hostname | The hostname of your database server. Often this is ‘localhost’.
username | The username used to connect to the database.
password | The password used to connect to the database.
database | The name of the database you want to connect to.
dbdriver | The database type. ie: mysqli, postgre, odbc, etc. Must be specified in lower case.
dbprefix | An optional table prefix which will added to the table name when running Query Builder queries. This permits multiple CodeIgniter installations to share one database.
pconnect | TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether to use a persistent connection.
db_debug | TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether database errors should be displayed.
cache_on | TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether database query caching is enabled, see also Database Caching Class.
cachedir | The absolute server path to your database query cache directory.
char_set | The character set used in communicating with the database.
dbcollat | The character collation used in communicating with the database Note Only used in the ‘mysql’ and ‘mysqli’ drivers.
swap_pre | A default table prefix that should be swapped with dbprefix. This is useful for distributed applications where you might run manually written queries, and need the prefix to still be customizable by the end user.
schema | The database schema, defaults to ‘public’. Used by PostgreSQL and ODBC drivers.
encrypt | Whether or not to use an encrypted connection.

> - ‘mysql’ (deprecated), ‘sqlsrv’ and ‘pdo/sqlsrv’ drivers accept TRUE/FALSE
> - ‘mysqli’ and ‘pdo/mysql’ drivers accept an array with the following options:
>   - ‘ssl_key’ - Path to the private key file
>   - ‘ssl_cert’ - Path to the public key certificate file
>   - ‘ssl_ca’ - Path to the certificate authority file
>   - ‘ssl_capath’ - Path to a directory containing trusted CA certificates in PEM format
>   - ‘ssl_cipher’ - List of allowed ciphers to be used for the encryption, separated by colons (‘:’)
>   - ‘ssl_verify’ - TRUE/FALSE; Whether to verify the server certificate or not (‘mysqli’ only)

compress | Whether or not to use client compression (MySQL only).
stricton | TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether to force “Strict Mode” connections, good for ensuring strict SQL while developing an application.
port | The database port number. To use this value you have to add a line to the database config array.
    $db['default']['port'] = 5432;

Note

Depending on what database platform you are using (MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.) not all values will be needed. For example, when using SQLite you will not need to supply a username or password, and the database name will be the path to your database file. The information above assumes you are using MySQL.